range关键字在for循环中用于遍历数组,切片,通道或映射的项目。 使用数组和切片,它返回项的索引为整数。 使用映射则它返回下一个键值对的键。 范围返回一个或两个值。如果在范围表达式的左侧仅使用一个值,则它是下表中的第一个值。
范围表达式 | 第1个值 | 第2个值(可选) |
---|---|---|
Array or slice a [n]E | index i int | a[i] E |
String s string type | index i int | rune int |
map m map[K]V | key k K | value m[k] V |
channel c chan E | element e E | none |
package main import "fmt" func main() { /* create a slice */ numbers := []int{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} /* print the numbers */ for i:= range numbers { fmt.Println("Slice item",i,"is",numbers[i]) } /* create a map*/ countryCapitalMap := map[string] string {"France":"Paris","Italy":"Rome","Japan":"Tokyo"} /* print map using keys*/ for country := range countryCapitalMap { fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",countryCapitalMap[country]) } /* print map using key-value*/ for country,capital := range countryCapitalMap { fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",capital) } }
当上述代码编译和执行时,它产生以下结果:
Slice item 0 is 0 Slice item 1 is 1 Slice item 2 is 2 Slice item 3 is 3 Slice item 4 is 4 Slice item 5 is 5 Slice item 6 is 6 Slice item 7 is 7 Slice item 8 is 8 Capital of France is Paris Capital of Italy is Rome Capital of Japan is Tokyo Capital of France is Paris Capital of Italy is Rome Capital of Japan is Tokyo